2015年上海高考已经结束，对于高三的考生来说2016年高考即将开始第一轮的复习。上海新东方优能中学高考网名师张双麟老师针对高考英语的复习，尤其是高考英语阅读选择题进行了分析，希望能够对高考生有所帮助！
做阅读选择时很多同学都会遇到这样的问题，文章读懂了，题目选错了。这种让童鞋们苦不堪言的结果通常会经历两种过程，第一种比较洒脱，看到和文章一样的选项后自信满满的选了错误答案；第二种纠结好久逐一排除最后还是巧妙避过了正确选项。其实如果你善于分析错题就会发现，很多时候做错题并不是选项看错了，其实很多时候是“定位问题。”
综合来讲错误选项的出现常见以下几种情况：无中生有;偷换概念;拼凑细节;扩大范围;主观常识。我们拿这样一道题来分析一下错误选项的样子
The London Underground or the Tube is the oldest subway in the world. It was opened in 1863. During World War II, it was used to protect people from German plane attacks（袭击）on London. Now, it is a symbol of the city. There is no air conditioning in the trains, so it is very hot in summer.
70.The London Underground______.
A. is also called the Tube B. is the symbol of the UK
C. was well protected during the war D. was opened in 1969
文中仅用了并列逻辑关系词or就解释了A的答案。现在看看选项B，文中说it is a symbol of the city而答案变成UK把整个范围扩大了。C选项犯的错误叫做偷换概念，定位到原文说地铁保护了人们免受战争袭击。而答案反了过来，倒因为果，偷换了说法。这道题专门难为做题粗心的童鞋，如果不细细推敲定位处细节的涵义，就很容易选了错误答案。为了解释D选项我要先把这个阅读的另一段给大家展现一下：
Beijing, China
The Beijing Subway was opened in 1969 and is the oldest subway system in China. It has added some modern technologies…..
这条信息在文章开头就有出现，由于是开头，童鞋们读的时候脑中比较清晰，记得比较深刻，而且还是数字，如果不回到文中对应很容易出现记忆混淆。这个就是传说中的“拼凑细节”。这是非常常见的错误模式，所提细节在文章中都有，都正确，但并不出现在一个位置，所以说找答案再去文章中定位是很重要滴。
现在再来一个小短文：
"Poor but honest." "The deserving(值得帮助的)poor." These words always come to my mind when I think of "the poor." But I also think of people who, perhaps through alcohol (酒) or drugs, have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction (上瘾) really are "diseases." as many people say, but my own feeling－based, of course, not on any serious study－is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the "undeserving poor." And that is largely why I don't give spare change to beggars.
. What does the author think of beggars who take drugs?
A. They should be given a cheek-up.
B. They really need money to live.
C. They have no pleasure in life.
D. They are not worth helping.
说到职业乞讨者，很多童鞋都有很深的感触和想法。不过在阅读中Do hold your feelings back！！！阅读考的是让你去分析作者的想法而不是表达你自己的想法。所以现在看看四个选项。A中check-up没提到过，典型的无中生有。B嘛，就是所谓的主观常识了，确实乞讨者是讨钱生活，但是这和文章作者的态度是截然相反的。同样的道理我们也可以看看C，pleasure这个词文中有提到，不过人家说的是他们沉溺于自己酗酒和吸毒的快乐而毁坏自己和别人的生活。最后根据文中most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the "undeserving poor."得出作者观点，D为正确选项。
刚刚我们通过两个小题了解了一下阅读理解常见错误的类型，偷换概念;拼凑细节;扩大范围;无中生有；观常识。其实阅读理解这种题目，与其说是阅读更多的还是理解，所有的正确和错误，都要通过自己在练习中反复揣摩总结。同学们在做阅读时还是要坚持去分析自己的错题，发现问题解决问题下次做题时才能避免重复出错。
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