保护主义 protectionism
闭关自守 closed door policy
畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project
初级成分 primary sector
粗放式管理 extensive management
从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy
促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy
盗用公款 embezzlement
地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances
地区差异 regional disparity
短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment
短线产品 products in shorts supply
二元经济 dual economy
发展不平衡 disparate development
发展民族经济 develop the national economy
发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need
翻两番 quadruple
放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions
扶贫 helping the poor
改善投资环境 improve the investment environment
industrial and commercial administration
公共部门；公共成分 public sector
关税总水平 general tariff level
管制经济 controlled economy
规模经济 economy of scale
国产化率 import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and components
国际商业社会 the global business community
国家粮食库存 the state grain reserves
国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP)
国内生产总值 gorss domestic product (GDP)
合理引导消费 guide rational consumption
宏观调控 macro-control
混合经济 mixed economy
基本国情 fundamental realities of the country
积极的财政政策 proactive fiscal policy
集体经济 collective economy
集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
计划经济 planned economy
计划调节 regulation through state planning
讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating
解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces
经济波动 economic fluctuation
经济复苏 economic recovery
经济杠杆 economic levers
经济平衡 economic balance
经济趋势 economic trend
经济渠道 economic channels
经济全球化 economic globalization
经济失调指数 misery index
经济衰退 economic depression
经济腾飞 economic take-off /boom
(有)经济头脑的人 commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense
控股公司 holding company
拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
理顺 straightening out
家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system
停职留薪 retain the job but suspend the salary
乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款 arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines
配套政策 supporting policies
贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor
求得公平合理的解决 seek a fair and reasonable solution
三步走战略 the three-step development strategy
社会热点问题 hot spots of society
涉外经济 foreign-related business
实体经济 the real economy
实现零的突破 achieve the zero breakthrough
实用，有效，廉价，方便 practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use
市政当局 municipality
适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
私营成分，私营部门 private sector
停滞 ；萧条 stagnation
通货紧缩 deflation (of currency )
统筹安排 comprehensive arrangement
统一市场 single market
托管制度 trusteeship
网络经济 cybereconomy
伪劣商品赔还法 lemon law
温饱工程 project for adequate food and clothing
效益农业 profitable agriculture
新兴经济 emerging economies
养老金 pension
以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction
以质量求生存，求发展，求效益
strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality
优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns
优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment
有中国特色的市场经济体制
socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics
与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market
中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center
中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit
主体经济 the mainstay of the economy
专属经济区 exclusive economic zone
追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development
资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources
自由经济 liberal economy
政治经济学 political economy
官方表述 Official Statements
社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业
People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentment
深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系
deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social security system
失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度
the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban residents
同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系
a social security system compatible with the level of economic development
国民经济 National Economy
按劳分配 distribution according to one’s performance
摆脱贫穷和落后 shaking off poverty and backwardness
保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展
maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy
保持国民经济发展的良好势头
maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy
边际报酬 marginal return
变相涨价 disguised price hikes
不正之风 bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency
财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions
财政收支平衡 fiscal balance
（产品）分销 sub-underwriting ; distribution
草根农业 grass-roots industry
产粮大省 granary province
朝阳产业 sunrise industry
multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling
打假 crack down on counterfeit goods
弹性工资 flexible pay
等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects
第一产业 primary industury
第二产业 secondary industry
第三产业 tertiary industry
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
恶性循环 vicious circle
二次创业 start a new undertaking
浮动工资 floating wages ; fluctuating wages
高科技板块 high-tech sector
根本好转 fundamental turn for the better
工薪阶层 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person
公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company
国家利益 interest of the state
红包 （中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickback
积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories
技术产权交易所 technology equity market ; technology property right exchange
技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers
加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime
家族企业 family firm
假日经济 holiday firm
尖端产品 highly sophisticated products
解困基金 anti-poverty funds
进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction
精品 competitive products
敬业精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics
连带责任 joint liability
良性循环 virtuous circle
劣等品 shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)
冒充包装 copycat packaging
耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods
年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis
扭转局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table
农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor
农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor
皮包公司 bogus company
票贩子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout
瓶颈制约 “bottleneck” restrictions
情感消费 emotional consumption
区位商业 location-based commerce
全优工程 all-round excellent project
拳头产品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster
商品交易所 Commodity Exchange
商品条码 bar code
商务所 commercial counsellor’s office
市场疲软 sluggish market
市场准入 market access
适销对路的产品 readily marketable products
甩卖 clearance sale ; be on sale
双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation
跳蚤市场 flea market
投资成本回收 recover investments
脱贫致富 cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity
无形资产 intangible assets
向钱看 mammonism ; put money above all
效益工资 achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits
一级市场 primary market
重复建设 duplication of similar projects
转嫁负担 shifting losses to
国有企业改革 Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)
摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament
包工包料 contract for labor and materials
层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting
产品结构 product mix
产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理
clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management
产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing
产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries
产业高地 industrial leading position
产业关联性 production-related association
产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure
厂长负责制 system under which the factory director assumes full responsibility
承包经营 contract operation
持续提高公司的竞争能力 achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to compete
初步建立现代企业制度 implement a preliminary modern enterprise system
促销 merchandising
大型企业集团 large enterprise group
带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits
待岗 await job assignment ; post-waiting
待业 job-waiting
待业人口 population waiting for employment
地域优势 geographical advantage
调节经济运行 regulate the operation of the economy
调整产品结构 readjust the product mix
董事会领导 leadership of the board of directors
对符合条件的企业实行债转股
carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit
对外承包工程 overseas contracted engineering projects
防范和化解经融风险 prevent and defuse financial risks
分流企业富余人员 redirect surplus employees of enterprises
富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍
a highly motivated and committed workforce
改革国有资产管理体制 reform the state property management system
改善国有企业负债结构 improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprises
高中级工程技术人员 senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists
搞活企业 invigorate enterprises
革新重组 realignment
个体，私营等非公有制经济 the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses
工业产值 the industrial output
公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system
公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership
股份合作制 joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative system
股份制 the shareholding system
骨干企业 key enterprise
规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system
规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures
国家财政收入 total national revenue
国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
国有控股企业 state holding enterprise
国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets
合同管理制 the contract management system
红帽子企业 red cap enterprise
宏观管理体制 the macro-control system
货币政策 monetary policy
技术创新 technological innovation
家用电器产业 the home electric appliances industry
价格性能比 price versus performance ratio
兼并破产 merger and bankruptcy
减少对市场变化做出反应的时间
shorten the response time to market changes
减员增效 downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency
揭牌典礼 an official business launch
街道企业 neighborhood enterprise
紧密型企业集团 tightly-knit groups of enterprises
竞争有序 orderly competition
竞争择优 select only the best of competing offers
开工不足 enterprises running under their production capacity
亏损企业 loss-making enterprises
亏损企业脱困 losing enterprises in the black again
扩大内需 expand domestic demand
来料加工 process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’ materials for processing
劳动合同制 labor contract system
理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系
appropriately balance reform , development and stability
流通体制 the circulation system
龙头 a leader
内联企业 enterprises with internal connections
扭亏增赢 reduction of loss and increase of profits
培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系
cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition
培育新的消费热点 foster new consumption growth areas
激励机制和约束机制 incentive and restraint mechanisms
企业文化 corporate culture
强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else
强化社区服务功能 strengthen the function of community
强强联合 association between strong enterprises
全面提高劳动者素质 improve the overall quality of the workforce
全球销售服务网络 the global sales and after-sales service network
融中国现代产业于世界经济主流
integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy
三无企业 three-no-enterprises
商检局 Commodity Inspection Bureau
商业运作 business dealings
深化流通体制改革 deepen the reform of the distribution system
生物医药产业 the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry
石油化工产业 the petrochemical industry
实行投资主体多元化 Sources of investment must be diversified
时常多元化战略 market diversification strategy
售后服务 after-sales service
树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image
统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施
a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step-by-step manner
投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change
完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government
西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China
下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers
下海 go in for business
兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project
虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy
养老，失业，医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums
一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility
一体化生产 integrated production
以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation
以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality
引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms
优化结构 optimize structure
优化生产过程 optimize production processes
优化组合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping
优势互补 take advantage of each other’s strength
再就业服务中心 re-employment service center
再就业工程 re-employment programs
在业人口 working population
政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏
Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show
支柱产业 pillar industries
知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects
中心环节 the pivotal point
抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves
转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms
转化经营机制 change operating mechanism
装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment
资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries
劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries
自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses
财政金融 Finance
保理业务 factoring business
保税区 the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area
比较完整的金融市场体系 a relatively complete financial market system
变现 sell off
财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement
财务成本 financial cost
财务丑闻 accounting scandal
财政法 fiscal law
财政收入/支出 financial revenue / expenditure
财政转移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer
搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value )
筹资融资 fund and financing
城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas
存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits
呆帐 bad loan
贷款无力偿还 loan defaults
地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks
电子银行 e-banking
电子应用系统 e-application
对冲基金 hedge fund
二板时常：创业板市场 second board (on the country’s stock market)
防范金融风险 prevent financial risks
费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes
分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market .
分期付款 installment payment
分税制 system of tax distribution
风险管理 risk management
风险投资 risk investment
风险资本 venture capital
封闭式基金 close-ended fund
辐射全国，影响深远 radiate its profound influence across the country
高增长，低通胀 high growth and low inflation
公积金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds
公司犯罪 corporate crime
国际清算银行 international clearing banks
国有商业银行 state-owned commercial banks
国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond
核心/非核心资产 core/ non-core assets
汇率机制 exchange-rate regime
货币化 monetization
货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation
货到付款 cash on delivery
技术转让 technology transfer
假帐 accounting fraud
虚报盈利 inflate profits
监视会 supervisory board
结售汇制度 the system of exchange , settlement and sales
金本位 gold standard
金边债券 gilt-edged bonds
金降落伞 golden parachute
金融电子化 computerize financial services
金融重组 financial reorganization
债务人持有资产 debtor-in-possession (DIP)
金税工程 Golden Tax Project
金银买卖市场 a bullion trading market
可支配收入 disposable income
客户关系管理 customer relationship management (CRM)
宽限期 grace period
垃圾债券 junk bond
利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
内部风险管理 the internal risk management
内部自律控制机制 internal control system
欧洲单一货币 the single European currency
盘活存量资产 tap the idle assets
疲软股票 soft stock
骗汇，逃汇，套汇 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
企业资源计划 enterprise resource planning (ERP)
全球金融体系 global financial architecture
全天候交易 24-hour trading operations
融资渠道 financing channels
三角债 chain debt
上市融资 seek financing by listing on the stock market
设置严密的警戒线 throw a tight cordon
申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection
生产要素 essential factor of production
直销 non-store selling
网上银行业 online-banking
在线金融 online-finance
实行许可证制 implement a license system
收购公司 acquiring company
现金流量表 chart of cash flow
首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer (COO)
首席财务官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO)
首席商务官 Chief Business Officer (CBO)
首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO)
首席沟通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO)
授信额度 line of credit
税前/税后收入 pretax/after-tax income
上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company
上调税申报制度 personal income declaration system
顺差 trade surplus
特许税 franchise tax
粘现市场 discount market
通存通税 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank
统一税 flat tax ; consolidated tax
偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税 tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes
投资信心 investor confidence
财务报表 financial statement
外国基准货币 the foreign base currency
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve
外汇市场 a foreign exchange market
外资财务公司 foreign-funded financial companies
外资银行 foreign-funded banks
金融交易安全 financial transaction security
无息和低息贷款 loans with no or low interest
物价涨幅 the margin of price rise
吸收游资 absorb idle fund
消费信贷 consumer credit services
信贷风险 credit risk
信贷支持 credit aid
信用紧缩 credit crunch
信用危机 credit crisis
虚拟银行 virtual bank
电子转帐 wire transfer
延期还本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest
业绩报表 earning report
金融违规行为 financial irregularities / improprieties
证券交易委员会 Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)
一式两联 (receipt or invoice)in duplicate
营业税 turnover tax ; business tax
增发长期国债 issue additional long-term treasury bonds
债权转股权/债转股 debt-for-equity swap
帐面收益 paper profit
有形资产 physical assets
项目资本金制度 project fund system
资产重组 recapitalize
中国外汇交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service
中国财政赤字 state financial deficits
转手贸易 switch trade
（银行的）交易 transact
原始股 initial offerings
新股发行 initial public offerings (IPO)
智力资本 intellectual capital
投资回收期 investment payoff period
资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets
资产负债比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets
资产负债表 balance sheet
自由兑换 free convertibility ; be freely converible
自助银行 self-service bank
证券 Securities
保证金 margin ; collateral
成分指数 component index
承销商 underwriter
发行人 issuer
封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund
开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund
基金托管银行 fund custodian bank
散户 retail ; private investor
股本 share capital ; equity capital
国库券 treasury bond
红利；股息 dividend
货币市场 monetary market
机构投资者 institutional investor
建/平仓 open /close a position
可流通股份 negotiable share
可转换债券 convertible bond
控股股份 controlling shareholder
蓝筹股 blue chips
流通性 liquidity
内幕交易 insider trading / dealing
配股 allotment of shares
评级机构 rating agency
企业债券 corporate bond
清算；结算 clearing and settlement
券商 broker ; dealer
认股权证 warrant
融券 securities loan
金融衍生产品 financial derivatives
申购 subscribe
市场操纵 market manipulation
市值 market capitalization
收购兼并 merger and acquisition
信息披露 information disclosure
信用交易 credit trading
债券 bond ; debenture
中介机构 intermediary
资本市场 capital market
综合指数 composite index
房产 Real Estate
按揭贷款 mortgage loan
拆迁计划 resettlement plan
地段 plot
都市峡谷 urban canyon
房产开发公司 real estate developer
房屋总面积 gross area
高层楼房 high-rise buildings
高密度立体城市 high density vertical city
公告地价 government-estimated land price
绿地面积 greenland area ; landscaping space
棚户 shacks ; family that live in shacks
平面设计师 graphic designer
期房 forward delivery housing
乔迁之喜 Best wishes for your new home
人均住房 per-capita housing ; average living space
商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing
使用面积 floorage ; usable floor area
室内面积 carpet area
四合院 an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of grey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )
筒子楼 tube-shaped apartment
危旧房 old and dilapidated houses
物业管理 real estate management
新的经济增长点 new economic growth point
政策性住房 policy-related house ; policy-based house
住房商品化 commercial housing
住房私有化 privatizing housing
住宅建筑企划委员会() Committee on Housing , Building and Planning