英语:高考大纲新增230个单词

2019-10-28 07:52:19

英语:高考大纲新增230个单词

今年英语高考命题有两大变化 首次提出“注重基础考查,突出能力立意”

一、命题指导思想:突出能力立意

1.普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是为高校招生而进行的选拔性考试。命题以教育部考试中心颁布的《2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》为依据。

2.命题要遵循“有助于高校选拔人才,有助于中学实施素质教育,有助于高等学校扩大办学自主权”的高考改革原则,确保公平、公正、科学、规范。

3.命题应坚持稳定为主,注重基础考查,突出能力立意,着力内容创新。要结合我省教学实际,有利于推动高中英语课程改革,考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能。

4.命题应考虑英语学科特点,在考查考生的英语语言知识和语言技能的同时,侧重考查考生的综合语言运用能力,特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决实际问题的能力。

5.命制的试卷应具有较高的信度、效度,适当的难度和必要的区分能力。

二、考试形式

试题卷采用闭卷笔试形式。考试时间为120分钟,满分150分。

 三、试卷结构

试卷由四部分组成。

第一部分:听力

本部分共两节,测试考生理解英语口语的能力。

第一节:共5小题,每小题1.5分。要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话,从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料仅读一遍。

第二节:共15小题,每小题1.5分。要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白,从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段录音材料读两遍。

听力考试进行时,考生将答案标在试卷上;听力部分结束后,考生有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

本部分所需时间约为20分钟。

第二部分:英语语言知识运用

本部分共三节,测试考生对英语语法和词汇知识的运用能力。

第一节:共10小题,每小题1分。每题在一句或两句话中留出空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出一个最佳选项。本节测试的重点为英语词汇的用法。

第二节:共10小题,每小题1.5分。每题在一句话中留出空白,要求考生根据括号内的汉语提示,用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。本节测试的重点为英语语言知识的综合运用。

第三节:共20小题,每小题1.5分。在一篇短文中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

本部分所需时间约为35分钟。

第三部分:阅读理解

本部分测试考生理解书面英语的能力。

共20小题,每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供的5篇短文的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

本部分所需时间约为35分钟。

第四部分:书面表达

本部分测试考生的书面语运用能力。

共1题,满分25分。要求考生根据所给情景,用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等;提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。

本部分所需时间约为30分钟。

 四、难度控制

试题按难度系数(简称难度)分为容易题、中等题和难题。难度在0.70以上(包括0.70)的题为容易题,难度在0.30-0.70之间的题为中等题,难度在0.30以下(包括0.30)的题为难题。试卷由容易题、中等题和难题组成。三种试题应控制合适的分值比例,试卷总体难度适中。

 新增单词(部分)


A
  absence/absense
  absent
  abuse
  accommodation
  ache
  acid
  acre
  afterward(s)
  airplane
  alarm
  album
  ambassador
  amusement
  annual
  ant
  appointment
  arithmetic
  arrow
  ashamed
  aside
  astronomy
  atom
  automatic
  avenue

 

B
  balloon
  bamboo
  banana
  barbecue
  barrier
  bat
  bathe
  bathtub
  beast
  blouse
  bonus
  boot
  brake
  brand
  bridegroom
  broken
  broom
  bunch

 

C
  cage
  camel
  canteen
  carpenter
  carriage
  carrot
  cartoon
  cell
  centigrade
  chalk
  chef
  chemist
  chess
  circus
  claw
  cloudy
  collar
  comedy
  commit
  commitment
  consideration
  constitution
  construct
  correction
  counter
  courtyard
  crew
  cyclist

 

D
  decoration
  delighted
  dentist
  dessert
  dictation
  disability
  disappointed
  dismiss
  doll
  dot
  drawer
  drill
  drum
  drunk

 

E
  eagle
  Easter
  eggplant
  embassy
  enjoyable
  eyesight

 

F
  fade
  faith
  fare
  finance
  file
  flashlight
  flexible
  fog
  frost

 

G
  garlic
  giraffe
  golf
  graduation
  gram
  gratefull
  greengrocer
  guarantee
  guitar

 

H
  ham
  hamburger
  harbo(u)r
  hen
  hike
  homeland

 

I
  ice-cream
  idiom
  insert

 

J
  jaw
  jazz

 

K
  kangaroo
  kettle

 

L
  lamb
  lemon
  lemonade
  lid
  literary
  lung

 

M
  mat
  mess
  millimeter/millimeter
  mist
  moral
  moustache
  multiply

 

O
  occupation
  opera
  oral
  outcome
  outgoing

 

P
  pavement
  pepper
  postcode
  postman
  prayer
  preserve

 

Q
  qualification

 

R
  religious
  revision
  revolution

 

S
  salad
  salesgirl
  salty
  sausage
  schoolboy/girl
  sew
  shopping
  sightseeing
  simplify
  sleeve
  sour
  spy
  steady
  steak
  straw
  strawberry
  string
  super
  swear
  sweat
  swell
  sword

 

T
  tension
  thread
  throat
  thunder
  timetable
  toothbrush
  tough
  transform
  trial
  T—shirt

 

U
  umcomfortable
  unwilling
  user

 

V
  vase
  vehicle
  vest
  vital

 

W
  wander
  warmth
  watermelon
  weekday
  whistle
  windy
  winner
  worm

 

X

X-ray

 

Y
  yard
  yoghurt

   

题型示例

(一)多项选择题

(I)考查听力

W: Alan, are you going to be in your office Wednesday afternoon?M: No. Why?W: I wondered if I could work there. My office is being painted then.M: You’re in luck, Susan. I’ll be out until Friday morning.W: That’s great. I’ve got to get my project done by Thursday afternoon.

1. What did the woman ask the man?

A. Whether he could let her use his office;B. Whether he had to work on the weekend;C. Whether he could help her with her project.                 

M: This book is so interesting. I’m really enjoying it.W: What is it?M: Tear and Blood, by Steven White. Have you read it?W: No, I haven’t.M: Do you want to read it after I finish it?W: Is it a novel?M: No, it’s a popular science book.W: Oh, that’s not my taste.M: You don’t like popular science at all?W: Well, I mean, popular science films are okay, but popular science books are boring.

2. What is the man doing?

A.Reading a popular science book;B.Making comments on a novel;C.Watching a popular science film.

3. What does the woman think of popular science films?

A. They are dull;B. They are okay;C. They are interesting.

【答案】1. A   2. A   3. B

   

(II)考查词汇知识

1. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ______ and weaknesses. 

A. strengths   B. benefits

C. techniques  D. values

2. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now ______ the matter.

A. seeing through??

B. working out

C. looking into

D. watching over

3. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ______ scenes of my childhood. 

A. called up  B. called for????    

C. called on D. called in

【答案】1. A   2. C   3. A

   

(III)考查阅读理解

Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest-headed chatterbox (喋喋不休的人). He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure (蜡塑人像). 

The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子). But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzing, fortunately, is pleasant to the ear, and some of it is pleasant even to the mind. He would be a foolish man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. 

Those who hate to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people’s ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be successful conversationists. 

1.According to the author, people make conversation to ____.

A. exchange ideas

B. prove their value

C. achieve success in life 

D. overcome their fear of silence

2.By “the buzzing of a fly” (Para.1), the author means “___”. 

A. the noise of an insect

B. a low whispering sound

C. meaningless talks

D. the voice of a chatterbox

3. According to the passage, people usually talk to their neighbors ______.

A. about whatever they have prepared

B. about whatever they want to 

C.in the hope of learning something new

D. in the hope of getting on well

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To discuss why people like talking about weather.

B.To encourage people to join in conversations.

C.To persuade people to stop making noises. 

D.To explain why people keep talking.

【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D

   

(二)完形填空题

You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You aren’t a soldier. You aren’t   1   carrying a gun. You’re standing in front of a   2   and you’re telling the TV   3   what is happening.

It’s all in a day’s work for a war reporter, and it can be very   4  . In the first two years of the   5   in former Yugoslavia (前南斯拉夫), 28 reporters and photographers were killed. Hundreds more were   6  . What kind of people put themselves in danger to   7   pictures to our TV screens and   8   to our newspapers? Why do they do it?

“I think it’s every young journalist’s   9   to be a foreign reporter,” says Michael Nicholson, “that’s   10   you find the excitement. So when the first opportunity comes, you take it   11   it is a war.” 

But there are moments of   12  . Jeremy Bowen says, “Yes, when you’re lying on the ground and bullets (子弹) are flying   13   your ears, you think: ‘What am I doing here? I’m not going to do this again.’ But that feeling   14   after a while and when the next war starts, you’ll be   15  .” 

“None of us believes that we’re going to   16  ,” adds Michael. But he always   17   a lucky charm (护身符) with him. It was given to him by his wife for his first war. It’s a card which says “Take care of yourself.” Does he ever think about dying? “Oh,   18  , and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God, ‘If you get me out of this, I   19   I’ll never do it again.’ You can almost hear God   20  , because you know he doesn’t believe you.”

1. A. simply  B. really

   C. merel   D. even

2. A. crowd  B. house

   C. battlefield D. camera

3. A. producers B. viewers

   C. directors  D. actors

4. A. dangerous B. exciting

C. normal  D. disappointing

5. A. stay  B. fight

   C. war  D. life

6. A. injured  B. buried

   C. defeated  D. saved

7. A. bring  B. show

   C. take  D. make

8. A. scenes  B. passages

   C. stories  D. contents

9. A. belief  B. dream

   C. duty  D. faith

10. A. why  B. what

    C. how  D. where

11. A. even so  B. ever since

    C. as if  D. even if

12. A. fear  B. surprise

    C. shame  D. sadness

13. A. into  B. around

    C. past  D. through

14. A. returns  B. goes

    C. continues  D. occurs

15. A. there  B. away

    C. out  D. home

16. A. leave  B. escape

    C. die  D. remain

17. A. hangs  B. wears

    C. holds   D. carries

18. A. never  B. many times

    C. some time  D. seldom

19. A. consider  B. accept

    C. promise  D. guess

20. A. whispering B. laughing

    C. screaming  D. crying

【答案】1-5 DDBAC  6-10 AACBD  11-15 DACBA  16-20 CDBCB  


   

(三)填空题

1. We _______ (起床) before dawn. It was still dark outside. (get)

2. It _______ (一定下雨来着) last night. The playground is still wet. (must)

3. He asked for the letter to _______ (送走) at once. (send)

4. When you hang wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam _______ (从潮湿的衣服上升起). (rise)

5. _______ (我们将如何制订这项计划) has been explained clearly by the teacher. (plan)

【参考答案】

1. got up;2. must have been raining;3. be sent ;4.rising from them;5. How we will make (work out) the plan    ?????????????

   

(四)书面表达题

受某英文报的委托,你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息,用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。

调查内容:在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中,学生最喜欢哪一种

调查范围:湖北省的10所中学 

调查对象:高中生       

调查人数:1000

调查方式:访谈    

调查结果:(见下图)

    

名师解读

今年高考英语有两大变化

与2007年相比,湖北省2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲补充说明英语科有两大变化——新增230余个单词以及突出能力立意。

  英语考纲补充说明今年有“两变”

最大的变化体现在词汇表上,今年,词汇表上增加了230个单词。按照高中英语课程改革的发展方向,结合湖北省高中英语的教学实际(考虑到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》词汇表所列词汇及其在教材中的复现率),我省今年针对《2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲补充说明》所附词表进行了补充调整,共收单词2830多个,另含6个附录。而2007年共收单词2600多个。湖北英语的发展在全国领先,今年增补词汇230个,下一步在指导复习时,应引起老师及考生的重视。

第二个变化体现在命题指导思想的提出上,与2007年考试大纲的补充说明相比,首次提出“命题注重基础考查,突出能力立意,着力内容创新。要结合我省教学实际,有利于推动高中新课程改革,考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能。”

基础、能力相结合 内容有创新

从上面的两点变化来看,考生应该重视针对基础部分的考查试题。出题时会突出“能力立意”,着力内容创新。所谓突出“能力立意”,主要是指突出对语境的考查,基础知识的灵活运用,在不同的语言环境中,考查基础知识的运用能力。同样考查某一个知识点,在语境方面可能会有创新。

今年补充说明中新增了230个单词,相应的,阅读量、词汇量会比以前更大,出题会更趋向与国际接轨,突出实际应用能力的考查。并会体现课改精髓,以推动我省的新课改。在稳定中渐变,由于去年的英语试卷在题型上有较大变化,新增了题型。今年题型没有调整,只是在词汇上做了增补。

在今年的补充说明中,题型、试卷结构以及考试时间与去年均一致。今年在难度控制上,与去年基本持平。