2014高三语法精讲：名词性从句讲解（3）

Ⅲ）宾语从句
①及物动词、动词短语、部分系表结构以及介词都可以后带一个宾语从句。
介词的宾语从句通常是由疑问词引导的，只有少数固定搭配的短语里面使用that引导的宾语从句，如：in that（在于 ……，因为 ……），but that（只是 ……，要不是 ……），except that（除了 ……，除外 ……）等。
经常引导宾语从句的词有：that，whether，if，what(ever)，which(ever)，who(ever)，whom(ever)，whose，how，when，where，why等，意义和用法与主语从句和表语从句类似。
She promised that she would come and see him sometimes,and that she would never forget him.
Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from what their parents speak at home.
Please remind me when he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.
We often go to the country for our holidays because it does not cost much to enjoy what is beautiful in the country.
Susan hasn’t changed. I don’t think she looks any different from how she did three years ago.
--- Did Mr.Smith attend the meeting?
--- Yes. He listened so carefully and was interested in whatever we discussed.
Pick out which toy you would like to have.
I’ll take whichever fits the sockets.
Who do you think he is?
I don’t know who / whom he gave it to.
They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they might desire.
He didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion.
The student was praised for what he had done.
He usually goes to school by bike except when it rains.
I knew little about him except that he was an American.
I would have come to see you but that I had something urgent to do then.
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
We’re delighted (that) you get good grades in school.
We aren’t sure whether / if we can persuade him out of smoking.
②有些宾语从句可以前置。
That I suffered in secret no one ever knew but I. （宾语从句前置）
--- I’d like to invite you to a concert this evening.
--- Thank you,but whether I’ll have time I’m not sure at the moment. （宾语从句前置）
③引导宾语从句的that不能省略的情况：
1）that引导的宾语从句之前有一个间接宾语时；
She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that evening.
2）that引导的宾语从句与主要谓语动词之间有插入成分时；
I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
I believed, too, that I had never listened so attentively.
3）that引导的宾语从句后移，在其位置上使用形式宾语it时；
I took it for granted that they were not coming.
4）that引导的宾语从句做部分介词（如：except，but等）的宾语时；
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
5）用and，but等连接两个或者两个以上宾语从句时，为了避免歧义，第一个that可以省略，但其余的不能省略。
Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom for all--- Negroes and Whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.
④“命令，主张，建议，要求，愿望，决定”等动词之后的宾语从句，其谓语部分经常使用“（should）+ 原形动词”。
Someone suggested that the chairman (should) make the decision at once.
The doctor insists that his patients (should) discuss the matter.
Yesterday the railway workers in France demanded that their pay (should) be raised from the following week.
The commander ordered that his men (should) march 50 kilometers during the night.
He asked that she (should) leave.
注意：
1）suggest 作“说明了，暗示出”解释时，宾语从句的谓语部分要使用陈述语气。（其主语一般不是表示“人”的名词或代词。）
On the boy′s pale face there was a half-smile that seemed to suggest that he was happy to have given his life for his country.
2）insist 不作“坚决主张（主张某种动作或行为）”而作“坚持认为，坚持说（陈述某种观点或意见）”解释时，宾语从句的谓语部分要使用陈述语气。
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.
He insisted that Mary was not to blame.
She insisted that she was right.
3）ask作“问”解释时，宾语从句（多由疑问词而不是that来引导）的谓语部分要使用陈述语气。
He asked whose dictionary this was.
⑤特殊的插入语：
英语中有一类动词，如think，believe，guess，suggest，expect，suppose，imagine等，用在疑问句中，如果后带一个由疑问词（或疑问词所修饰限制的名词）引导的宾语从句时，常常把引导宾语从句的疑问词提至句首。我们称之为“干涉性”插入语。
When and where do you think we will hold the League meeting?
Who do you suggest (should) be sent to work in the fire-stricken area?
Who do you suppose telephoned today?
Which team do you believe will win the football match?
What do you guess they will do next?
Why can you imagine people speak against her?
疑问词（或疑问词所修饰限制的名词）提至句首时，宾语从句的其它成分语序不变，若疑问词（或疑问词所修饰限制的名词）用作主语时，上述动词之后所放置的应该是宾语从句的谓语部分：
What do you think has happened to Jenny?
Who did you suggest （should ）go with us tomorrow?
这类插入语在陈述句中也总是置于引导从句的疑问词（或疑问词所修饰限制的名词）之后：
He asked me what I thought should be considered doing first.
We asked the teacher which group he believed would be chosen to complete the task.