【词组解析】
1. by reason of 由于
（1）He escaped a prison sentence by reason of unsound mind at the time the crime was committed.
他以犯罪时精神不正常为由逃过了监禁刑罚。
（2）By reason of his lameness the boy could not play games.
这男孩因脚跛不能做游戏。
2. by the way 顺便说说
（1）By the way, what time is it?
顺便问一下, 现在几点了?
（2）Yes, I did know about your new car — and by the way, Queen Anne's dead.
是的, 我的确知道你买了辆新车——顺便说一下, 这已不是新闻了。
3. by virtue of 借助,由于
（1）He had won the game by virtue of his strength of will.
他靠意志力赢了这场比赛。
（2）Molecules rotate and vibrate by virtue of their heat.
分子因热效应而发生转动和振动。
4. by way of 路经；途经；作为；意在
（1）I had better say a few words by way of explanation.
我最好以解释的方式说几句话。
（2）They're going to Poland by way of France and Germany.
他们要去波兰,途经法国和德国。
拓展：by the way,by the way of 与 by way of
by the way 在途中、顺路、顺便说，如
By the way, what time is it?
顺便问一下, 现在几点了?
by the way of 用某种方法（手段）去做，如
New employees can share incentive stocks, by the way of reserving.
通过留存余额的方式,使新进员工也能分享激励股权.
by way of 作为、当作；为了、意在；在……之中，如
I had better say a few words by way of explanation.
我最好以解释的方式说几句话。
5. call off 转移（某人的注意力等）；取消；点名；把…叫走
（1）Don't let anything call off your attention from your studies.
不要让别的事转移你学习的注意力。
（2）Since the weather is bad, let's call off the trip.
既是天气不好, 那就不去了吧。